What is Neurodiversity?

Jan 23

The term “neurodiversity” has been a buzzword on social media in recent years. While this term is often associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is not a synonym for ASD. Instead, it simply means “the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of normal variation in the human population” [1]. Simply put, similar to how cultural diversity means a variety of cultural groups in a society, neurodiversity means that there is a range of brain functioning in the human population. As activist and educator Morénike Giwa Onaiwu stated, “I have noticed that [the word neurodiversity] has been co-opted. And so I have concerns about how it's meant. To a lot of people, it's another code word for autism, or autism and ADHD. It includes so much more than that. Like, neurodiversity is a fact of life. No human beings have the same brain” [2]. In other words, neurodiversity can include more neurotypical presentations including non-autism, non-ADHD, and non-dyslexic presentations, although it also does encompass ASD, ADHD, dyslexia, other learning disorders, and more.

Neurodiversity inclusion acknowledges that there is no “correct” way of thinking, behaving, or learning and that people experience and interact with the world around them in their own individual and unique ways. These individual differences should not be viewed as problems or shortcomings, but should rather be accepted and celebrated as a part of the human experience [3].

What is Neurodivergence?

The word neurodivergence was created as a way to reflect the unique experiences of individuals whose neurodiversity falls outside of social expectations for “typical” [4]. More recently, neurodivergence is used to describe those with neurodevelopmental disabilities as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders including learning disorders, ADHD, ASD, Down Syndrome, intellectual disability, and more [5]. However, while some neurodivergent people are disabled as a result of their neurodivergence, others do not consider their neurodivergence to be a disability [6]. It should also be noted that “neurodivergence” is not a condition, medical term, or diagnosis, it is simply one way to describe someone who may have differences in how their brain functions [6].

The Role of Therapy in Embracing Neurodiversity (Neurodiversity-Affirming Therapy)

When a therapist is neurodiversity-affirming, they recognize neurodivergence as natural variations of the human brain. Rather than viewing conditions like ASD or ADHD as disorders that need to be “fixed”, neurodiversity-affirming therapy celebrates these differences as important parts of human diversity. Each neurodivergent individual brings a unique perspective, strengths, and talents to the table.

Neurodiversity-affirming therapy can serve as a valuable tool in promoting understanding, acceptance, and support for neurodivergent individuals. Here are some ways in which therapy can make a positive impact:

1. Building Self-Awareness and Acceptance:

Therapy provides a safe space for individuals to explore and understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including those that may be considered neurodivergent. Through self-reflection and guided conversations, individuals can develop a deeper awareness and acceptance of their unique strengths and challenges.

2. Developing Coping Strategies:

Neurodivergent individuals may face challenges in navigating social situations, managing sensory sensitivities, or organizing tasks. Therapists can work collaboratively with clients to develop practical coping strategies that enhance daily functioning and improve overall well-being.

3. Improving Social Skills:

For many neurodivergent individuals, social interactions can be challenging. Neurodivergent individuals may have trouble understanding social cues, taking part in small talk, or navigating complex emotional landscapes. Therapy can offer a supportive environment to practice and refine social skills, enhancing communication, empathy, and connection with others.

4. Addressing Co-occurring Mental Health Challenges:

Neurodivergent individuals may be more prone to mental health challenges such as anxiety or depression. Therapy can help identify and address these co-occurring issues, such as helping clients identify triggers and build resilience. Additionally, specific therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can help neurodivergent individuals recognize and alter thought patterns that negatively impact their behavior and emotions which can in turn improve mental health.

5. Navigating Transitions and Life Changes:

Life transitions, whether it's starting a new job, going to college, or entering a new phase of life, can be particularly challenging for neurodivergent individuals as much of society is designed for the neurotypical. Therapy can offer guidance and support during these transitions, such as helping with emotional regulation and stress management, allowing individuals to navigate change more successfully.

6. Educating Families and Support Networks:

The impact of neurodiversity-affirming therapy and advocacy isn't limited to individual clients; it extends to families and support networks too. Educating parents, siblings, significant others, and friends about neurodiversity fosters a supportive environment that encourages understanding and acceptance. Advocacy can also help neurodivergent individuals gain access to assistive tools in the school or work environment, helping these spaces feel more inclusive.

Conclusion:

Embracing neurodiversity is a collective effort that involves acknowledging and celebrating the richness of human differences. Psychotherapy can play a role in this process, providing neurodivergent individuals with a safe place for self-discovery, growth, and support. By fostering a culture that values neurodiversity, neurodiversity-affirming therapists help contribute to creating a more inclusive and compassionate society where every individual can thrive.

If you are interested in seeing if I am a good fit for your individual counseling needs, please schedule a free phone consultation.